The role of vascular endothelium in nitroglycerin‐mediated vasodilation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aims Nitroglycerin (or glyceryl trinitrate, GTN) has been long considered an endothelium‐independent vasodilator because GTN vasodilation is intact in the absence of the endothelium and in the presence of endothelial dysfunction. However, in animal and in vitro models, GTN has been shown to stimulate the release of certain endothelium‐derived vasodilators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin (PGI2). In addition, chronic GTN therapy leads to endothelial dysfunction. In this series of experiments, we explored how GTN might interact with the vascular endothelium in normal humans, without cardiovascular disease or risk factors associated with abnormalities in vascular function. Methods We examined the effect of inhibition of NO, PGI2, and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs, a class of endothelium‐derived hyperpolarizing factor) on GTN‐mediated vasodilation. We measured arterial blood flow responses to brachial artery infusions of GTN in the absence and presence of L‐NMMA (n = 13), ketorolac (n = 14) and fluconazole (n = 16), which are inhibitors of endothelium‐derived NO, PGI2 and EETs, respectively, in healthy volunteers. Results Our results demonstrate that inhibition of endothelium‐dependent vasodilator mechanisms does not alter forearm resistance vessel responses to GTN. Conclusion We conclude that GTN‐mediated dilation of forearm resistance vessels is largely independent of vascular endothelium.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".