Joint Modulation Classification and OSNR Estimation Enabled by Support Vector Machine
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
By adopting the cumulative distribution function of the received signal's amplitude as feature, a support vector machine-based algorithm is proposed to jointly classify the modulation format and estimate the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) in coherent optical communication systems. Three commonly-used quadrature-amplitude modulation (QAM) formats are considered. Numerical simulations have been carried out in the OSNR ranges from 5 to 30 dB, and results show that the proposed algorithm achieves a very good modulation classification (MC) performance, as well as high OSNR estimation accuracy with a maximum estimation error of 0.8 dB. Optical back-to-back experiments are also conducted in OSNR ranges of interest. A 99% average correct MC rate is observed, and mean OSNR estimation errors of 0.38, 0.68, and 0.62 dB are noticed for 4-QAM, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM, respectively. Furthermore, compared with the neural networks-based joint estimation algorithm, the proposed algorithm attains better performance with comparable complexity.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it