A FEM-DEM Numerical Analysis to Study the Instability of the Passo Della Morte Slopes (Carnian Alps, Italy)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The natural formation of rock slopes can result in the initiation of complex failure processes, including the deformation and fracturing of intact rock and the displacement of large individual blocks. The presence of non-persistent discontinuities may also promote stress concentrations that would result in stress induced fractures leading to the formation of continuous failure surfaces, thus creating the condition of kinematic freedom for previously finite and tapered blocks that may result in slope failure. This type of mechanism cannot be analyzed using a limit equilibrium approach and requires models capable of considering rock mass plastic yield, simulation of shear/tensile fracturing and ability to consider kinematic processes. In this context, hybrid finite-discrete element methods (FDEM) provide an attractive option for modelling rock slope failure mechanisms. In this paper a FDEM approach was applied to study a rock face located near the Passo della Morte (Carnian Alps, Italy), on the left flank of Tagliamento River valley. The rock face is approximately 130 m wide and 250 m high (650 to 900 m a.s.l.). The study includes 2D numerical analysis of a critical section for which the potential failure mechanism would be controlled by a series of faults bounding a densely stratified rock mass crossed by very persistent sub-vertical joints. Overall, the rock mass is divided into a large number of blocks of variable size, that are isolated by a dense network of discontinuities and random fractures. The importance of damage in the rock slope mass has been recognized by several researchers using remote sensing methods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".