Is Smoking Cessation in Young Adults Associated With Tobacco Retailer Availability in Their Activity Space?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The presence of tobacco retailers in residential neighborhoods has been inversely associated with residents' likelihood of quitting smoking. Few studies have yet explored whether this association holds when accounting for tobacco retailers found in the multiple environments where people conduct their daily activities, that is, their activity space. METHODS: We analyzed cross-sectional data from 921 young adults (18- to 25-years old) participating in the Interdisciplinary Study of Inequalities in Smoking (Montreal, Canada). Respondents self-reported sociodemographic, smoking, and activity location data. Log-binomial regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) for the association between smoking cessation and (1) the number of tobacco retailers (counts), and (2) the distance to the closest retailer (proximity) in participants' residential neighborhood and activity space. RESULTS: Smoking cessation was positively associated with low and intermediate tertile levels of tobacco retailer counts in both the residential neighborhood and activity space, and with the furthest distance level in the activity space [PR (95% CI) = 1.21 (1.02 to 1.43)]. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals encounter resources in the course of their regular daily activities that may hamper smoking cessation. This study highlights the relevance of considering the tobacco retail environment of both individuals' residential neighborhood and activity space to understand its association with smoking cessation. IMPLICATIONS: This article contributes to the literature on the association between the tobacco retail environment and smoking cessation in young adults by moving beyond the residential neighborhood to also assess individuals' access to tobacco retailers in the multiple areas where they regularly spend time, that is, their activity space. Findings suggest that lower numbers of tobacco retailers in both the residential neighborhood and activity space, and further distance to tobacco retailers in the activity space are associated with increased smoking cessation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".