Physicochemical, antioxidant, calcium binding, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory properties of hydrolyzed tomato seed proteins
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this was to determine the impact of enzymatic hydrolysis on the multifunctionality of tomato seed protein hydrolysates (TSPH) and their physicochemical properties. The enzymatic hydrolysis was performed using alcalase and two factors response surface methodology. The best conditions were 131.4 min and 3% enzyme/substrate (E/S) for antioxidant activity; 174.5 min and 2.93% E/S for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition; and 66.79 min and 2.27% E/S for the calcium binding. Antioxidant and ACE hydrolysates were characterized by higher solubility, zeta potential, and thermal stability while properties of the calcium binding hydrolysate were only minimally affected by the enzymatic hydrolysis. Gel electrophoresis showed that molecular weights of polypeptides in the calcium binding TSPH were higher compared to those in ACE and antioxidant TSPHs. This was due to the low degree of hydrolysis of the calcium binding hydrolysate. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Nowadays, different protein sources are used to produce protein hydrolysates containing bioactive peptides that can help alleviate oxidation of foods, oxidative stress, and chronic conditions (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disorder). Hydrolyzed proteins also have the potential to increase mineral absorption through the formation of mineral-binding complexes. Biological activities of proteins and peptides from tomato processing byproduct (i.e., pomace) have received until now little attention. The determination of physicochemical properties and biological activities of the hydrolyzed proteins has application in the formulation of value-added food products for the reduction of oxidative stress and risks of developing chronic diseases. In addition, there will be a reduction of pomace waste generated by the tomato processing industry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".