Shaping Graphic History: Primary Sources and Closure in Showdown! Making Modern Unions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The recently released Showdown! Making Modern Unions is a graphic history documenting the successful wave of strikes in Hamilton, Ontario, in 1946 that, together with similar struggles elsewhere, led to the establishment of legalized systems of collective bargaining and the refashioning of the social order more generally to better accommodate the well-being of the Canadian working class in the decades following World War II. 1 This article builds on recent scholarship about graphic history by considering the tools and possibilities this medium opens up to professional historians regarding the use of primary sources. We suggest that far from offering "history-lite" ways of engaging the public in the professional historical enterprise, graphic histories enable strategies for using primary sources that actually enhance and popularize the ways historians can effectively use evidence, particularly with an eye toward helping build the critical consciousness of an expanded base of readers. The strategies made possible through the graphic history medium can thus complement other, more traditional forms of historical research and writing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.023 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.024 | 0.040 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.026 | 0.012 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.011 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.023 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".