A protective role for splenic neutrophils against <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> infection (INC4P.338)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The spleen is integral for protection against infections to encapsulated bacteria, such as S.pneumoniae. A recently identified splenic resident neutrophil subset has been proposed to contribute to this protection by modulating the antibody production of marginal zone B cells. To date, little is known regarding the function and behavior of these neutrophils in vivo and whether they actively contribute to protection against infection. Employing intravital microscopy we aimed to characterize splenic neutrophil behavior and function. Under basal conditions, two subsets of neutrophils are observed, a circulating phenotype and a resident phenotype. Infection with S. pneumonia stimulates a robust recruitment of neutrophils to the spleen and an enhanced localization within the marginal zone. This recruitment is accompanied by neutrophil activation typified by a reduction in cellular movement. Neutrophil depletion within the spleen during infection resulted in a reduction in bacterial clearance and a significant decrease in survival. Depletion of marginal zone B cells mimicked these parameters, suggesting both cell types contribute to a common protective mechanism. Our findings suggest that splenic neutrophils play a role in the protection against S. pneumoniae infection. Future studies will determine the contribution of resident vs recruited neutrophils to this protection and the role of these populations in mediating S.pneumoniae specific antibody production.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".