Rapid and inexpensive method for fabrication of multi-material multi-layer microfluidic devices
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The vast majority of polymeric microfluidic devices that have been developed so far feature the use of a single or two material of construction. This is mainly due to the difficulty in integrating multiple materials into these devices using conventional microfabrication techniques such as photolithography, soft lithography or hot embossing either due to mismatch in the processing conditions or due to poor bonding between the materials. Nevertheless, integration of multiple materials into microfluidic devices can enable new and interesting functionalities. In this study, a rapid and inexpensive fabrication technique has been developed in which xurography and cold lamination methods were combined to create microfluidic devices integrating different materials. Materials with different surface energy and properties were used to provide unique functionality. This functionality was shown by fabricating channels that can have varying capillary filling rates from 33 mm s −1 to 24 mm s −1 by changing the surface energy of the materials that constitute the top and bottom of the microchannels. Similarly, highly robust and integrated passive valves that were able to stop capillary filling was also demonstrated by combining patterned features of hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces. Integration of thin elastomeric membrane with thermoplastic materials was also demonstrated by fabrication an active pneumatic valve that was capable of stopping capillary flow. Finally, this method of integration of multiple materials, was also used to integrate hydrogels into microfluidic devices in a parallel manner and to confine it locally in specific regions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".