VERIFYING NUCLEAR WASTE TILE-HOLES USING GAMMA RADIATION SCANNING
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nuclear waste management facilities at Chalk River Laboratories (CRL) use below-ground “tile-holes” to store solid waste from various activities such as medical isotope production. After long periods of isotopic decay, some of the waste has decayed down to low activities and can be transferred to low-level waste storage facilities. This paper presents a method to verify the radiation level of the waste inside tile-holes by performing gamma radiation scans along the depth of waste storage tile-holes. Such measurements allow for noninvasive verification of tile-hole contents and provide input to the assessment of radiological risk associated with removal of the waste. Using the radiation profile system, the radiation level of the radioactive waste may be identified based on the radiation profile. This information will support planning for possible transfer of this waste to a licensed waste storage facility designed for low-level waste, thus freeing storage space for possible tile-hole re-use for more highly radioactive waste. CRL-developed small diode-based gamma radiation sensors have been used in these radiation scans. The diode sensors were deployed into verification tubes adjacent to the tile-holes to measure the radiation profile. Over 10 tile-holes have been scanned using this technique since 2009.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".