Risk of Ocular Anomalies in Children Exposed In Utero to Antimalarials: A Systematic Literature Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether offspring from mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), exposed in utero to antimalarials, have an increased risk of ocular anomalies during childhood versus unexposed SLE offspring. METHODS: We systematically performed searches of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for original human data on fetal and/or child ocular outcomes following exposure to antimalarials during pregnancy and/or lactation, from their inception until March 2017. RESULTS: A total of 10 cohort studies and 2 randomized controlled trials, ranging in size from 6 to 444 exposed infants studied, and 3 case reports met the inclusion criteria for our systematic review. Collectively, 1,477 infants were studied, 789 of which were exposed to hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine. In all, 563 exposed infants had follow-up visits after delivery (ranging from <3 months to 19 years), and 331 of these exposed infants underwent ophthalmologic examinations during the follow-up period. Our review of the literature suggests a low-to-nonexistent risk of visual abnormalities in offspring exposed to antimalarials. CONCLUSION: In children exposed to appropriate doses of antimalarials antenatally, the risk of ocular toxicity appears low to nonexistent. The potential benefits and risks of antimalarials should be discussed in all SLE pregnancies, and high dosages should continue to be avoided.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".