Combustion of pure carbon in the presence of H<sub>2</sub>O and CO<sub>2</sub> using single and double film models
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In integrated gasification combined cycles systems, it is of interest to estimate the burn or gasification rate ( ), particle surface/wall temperature (Tw), and flame temperature (Tf), and also control of the Tw and Tf with free stream CO2 and the H2O level, which promote endothermic reactions. In the past, char combustion in the air was modelled using either a conventional single film model (SFM), or a conventional double film model (DFM). In this study, modified SFM and DFM models, including both heterogeneous reactions of CO2 and H2O with C, and gas phase oxidation of both CO and H2, were developed. The SFM and DFM were switched to SFM‐DR (single film model with double reactions) and DFM‐DR (double film model with double reactions). The SFM‐DR assumes that the gas phase is frozen, with the final products being CO and H2, and the transfer number modified to ; DFM‐DR includes gas phase oxidation of both CO and H2 with O2, with the final products being CO2 and H2O and the same modified transfer number B under infinitely fast chemistry. Finally, six different char combustion cases with or without H2O and CO2 in the free stream were simulated to obtain the flame profile for modified SFM‐DR and DFM‐DR. It was found that reasonable flame profiles of char combustion were obtained for both SFD‐DR and DFM‐DR. Moreover, the O2‐rich combustion could promote the endothermic Boudouard and steam‐carbon reactions. Finally, the burning rate (kg/m2 · s) decreased with the increase of particle diameter for both SFM‐DR and DFM‐DR.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".