T<sub>1</sub>ρ and T<sub>2</sub> mapping for the determination of articular cartilage denaturalization with osteonecrosis of the femoral head: A prospective controlled trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background In the future, biochemical MRI might provide a valuable noninvasive quantitative analysis of the biochemical composition of cartilage in osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Purpose To investigate the diagnostic performance of T1ρ and T2 mapping in cartilage denaturalization with ONFH and to determine the correlation between T1ρ and T2 mapping and the Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) stage. Study Type Prospective. Subjects Forty‐seven patients with ONFH (stage I to III according to the ARCO criteria) and 24 volunteers (control group) were recruited for the prospective study. Sequence Conventional MRI, multiple echo recalled gradient echo (MERGE), and T1ρ and T2 mapping sequences. Assessment Pseudocolor images and MERGE images were combined in the AW4.5 workstation. The region of interest (ROI) of the hip cartilage was 4–6 mm². The sagittal T1ρ and T2 mapping values were calculated by the two first authors. Statistical Tests One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), LSD t‐tests, Pearson correlation analysis, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. The significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results The T1ρ and T2 mapping values of the ONFH group were significantly higher than the values of the control group (P = 0.000). Regarding the assessment of the severity of ARCO staging, both T1ρ (r = 0.66, P = 0.004) and T2 mapping (r = 0.501, P = 0.002) were positively associated with disease severity. The T1ρ values were positively correlated with the T2 mapping values (r = 0.381, P = 0.000). The areas under the curve (AUC) for the T1ρ and T2 mapping values were 0.822 and 0.791, respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 72.34% and 70.83% for T1ρ mapping and 72.34% and 58.33%, respectively, for T2 mapping. Data Conclusion Both T1ρ and T2 mapping performed well in diagnosing the cartilage denaturalization in ARCO stage I‐III ONFH patients. T1ρ mapping had a higher diagnostic sensitivity and specificity than T2 mapping. Level of Evidence: 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:760–767.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".