Exploiting the Cellular Redox‐Control System for Activatable Photodynamic Therapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been successfully used to treat a variety of cancers. However, one drawback has been the adverse side effects experienced by patients during therapy, as a result of the destruction of normal tissues upon irradiation. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis and characterisation of a photosensitiser to overcome this issue that, in addition to light, is also dependent on the overactive redox system present in cancer cells for its activation. Our probe consists of the photosensitiser, protoporphyrin IX, and a FRET-based quencher dye, BHQ-3, on a scaffold containing a disulfide bond. The close proximity of BHQ-3 to protoporphyrin IX quenches its ability to fluoresce and produce reactive oxygen species, whereas nonenzymatic or enzymatic reduction can recover its native properties. We further demonstrate its ability to be activated in cancer cells in a thiol-dependent manner and destroy breast and lung cancer cells upon red-light irradiation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".