Short communication: Risk of subacute ruminal acidosis affects the feed sorting behavior and milk production of early lactation cows
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if the risk of developing subacute ruminal acidosis, as potentially affected by dietary straw particle size, influenced the feed sorting, rumination behavior, and milk production of early lactation dairy cows. Upon calving, 41 multiparous Holstein cows were fed a total mixed ration with 9% wheat straw (dry matter basis) chopped (1) using a 2.54-cm screen (short; n = 21) or (2) using a 5.08-cm screen (long; n = 20). For the first 4 wk following calving, rumination behavior (recorded using data loggers attached to neck collars) and reticulorumen pH (recorded using wireless telemetry boluses) were monitored 24 h/d. Due to technical failures, analyses were conducted on 38 cows (n = 19 per treatment). Total mixed ration and orts samples were collected every 3 d to determine feed sorting. Based on an acidosis index, created using area under the curve data (reticulorumen pH < 5.8) normalized for dry matter intake, cows were categorized as either low (LR) or high (HR) risk for developing subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). Low risk cows had higher mean (6.3 vs. 6.1), minimum (6.0 vs. 5.7), and maximum (6.7 vs. 6.5) reticulorumen pH than HR cows. Low risk cows also had less severe area under the curve values (1.5 vs. 49.4 pH × min/d) and spent less time below a reticulorumen pH threshold of 5.8 (21.9 vs. 309.2 min/d). Although total milk yield was unaffected by SARA risk, LR cows produced more 4% fat-corrected milk (47.2 vs. 41.9 kg/d) and milk fat (2.1 vs. 1.8 kg/d) than HR cows. A SARA risk category × treatment interaction was detected for sorting all fractions of the diet; HR cows on the long treatment sorted against the longest particles in the diet, whereas LR cows on the same treatment did not sort this fraction, suggesting that SARA risk may be mitigated by a more balanced intake of physically effective fiber. High risk cows on the short treatment consumed the longest dietary particles as predicted, and sorted in favor of the physically effective medium and short particles. A SARA risk category × treatment interaction was detected for rumination behavior; within the long treatment, HR cows tended to ruminate less than LR cows (432.3 vs. 493.2 min/d). Overall, these results suggest that LR cows consumed a more balanced diet, whereas HR cows sorted their feed more, particularly when fed the diet containing long straw particles, which may have led to reduced rumination activity and yield of milk fat and fat-corrected milk.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".