Canadian Schools, the League of Nations, and the Teaching of History, 1920–1939
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Between the First and Second World Wars, the League of Nations attempted to reshape history teaching in the schools of its member states. The league saw a suitably reformed teaching of history as the most effective vehicle for teaching students about the work of the League of Nations and for instilling in them a global consciousness and a rejection of war. As a result, Canada’s provincial departments of education faced recurring league requests for information and suggestions as to how their schools might best implement the league’s educational goals. This article examines how Canadian policy-makers responded (or failed to respond) to the league’s attempts to reform the teaching of history. It shows that, while they ensured that history curricula included some factual information about the league and its work, they failed to respond effectively to the league’s more fundamental attempts to implant the seeds of the “international mind” in students.Résumé Dans l’entre-deux-guerres, la Société des Nations a cherché à remodeler l’enseignement de l’histoire dans les écoles de ses États membres. Elle considérait que le renouvellement de l’enseignement de l’histoire était le moyen le plus efficace d’enseigner aux étudiants le rôle de la Société des Nations et de leur inculquer une conscience globale et le rejet de la guerre. Ce faisant, les ministères de l’Éducation provinciaux au Canada ont dû faire face à des demandes récurrentes de la Société souhaitant obtenir de l’information et des suggestions sur la façon dont leurs écoles pourraient mettre en œuvre ses objectifs éducatifs. Cet article examine comment les décideurs canadiens ont répondu (ou n’ont pas répondu) aux efforts de la Société pour réformer l’enseignement de l’histoire. Il démontre que, bien qu’ils aient veillé à ce que les programmes d’histoire contiennent des informations factuelles sur la Société des Nations et son rôle, ils n’ont pas réussi à répondre efficacement aux volontés de la Société d’implanter une « mentalité internationale » chez les étudiants.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.045 | 0.017 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".