Bibliographic record
Abstract
Despite the implementation of product price rises, the company has been struggling with rising raw material costs with headwinds expected to continue in 2018. The higher cost of raw materials such as titanium dioxide and a fall in shipments of marine and oil and gas coatings hit AkzoNobel’s first-quarter revenues, it said. Although the average selling price for its coatings products was up by 3% year on year in the first three months of 2018, revenues fell 8% to €2.16 billion ($2.64 billion) thanks to currency effects and a 3% drop in volumes. “Volumes in marine coatings continued to be affected by the slowdown in new-build activity, despite some recovery in other segments,” AkzoNobel said. “Protective coatings volumes decreased due to fewer oil & gas projects.” The company’s net income from continuing operations fell by 6% - the high price of raw materials, such as titanium dioxide, continued to weigh on profits. “Headwinds experienced during 2017 - including higher raw materials costs and adverse effects from foreign currencies - are projected to continue in 2018, especially [at] the start of the year,” AkzoNobel said.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".