Editors' Choice—Optical Emission from Germanium Nanocrystals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We analyze the intense photoluminescence (PL) observed at energies from 600 to 1100 meV for a large number of Si 1-x Ge x epitaxial layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy. In the present work we show that this previously unexplained broad PL peak can be assigned to Ge nanocrystals (NCs) self-assembled within the SiGe layers. These NCs are assumed to be lattice matched to the SiGe in the vertical, growth direction. A consequence of this assignment is that as the Ge-fraction in the SiGe layer increases the vertical strain in the NCs changes from compressive to tensile at x ∼ 0.36, lowering the NC bandgap (BG) below that of bulk Ge. We examine the PL results for more than 60 samples exhibiting this broad PL peak by examining how it follows the strained Ge BG for x from 0.05 to 0.53. The PL is resolvable as two narrower peaks separated by the momentum conserving phonon energy for Ge. Strain and confinement shifted NC bound exciton energies calculated numerically agree well with the measured ones. When Raman scattering results were examined for some of the same samples, the phonon mode frequencies obtained provided valuable corroborative evidence for the presence of the Ge NCs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.051 | 0.016 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".