Belowground responses of Scots pine (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i>) seedlings to experimental warming, moderate nitrogen addition, and bark herbivory
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this chamber experiment was to study the single and interaction effects of warming (+2 °C increase), moderate nitrogen (N) addition (30 kg N·ha−1·year−1), and bark herbivory by large pine weevil (Hylobius abietis L.) on fine root morphology, mycorrhizas, root phenolics, and biogenic organic volatile compounds (BVOCs) from the rhizosphere area of young Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.). Warming increased soil exploration by increasing specific root length (SRL) and the relative proportion of 0.2–0.3 mm roots in fine root systems, while N addition and herbivory without warming both caused an increase in the relative proportions of thicker roots in the fine root systems. Warming decreased total phenolic concentrations in the roots without N addition, while some flavonoid compounds showed complex responses to warming, N addition, and herbivory. Nitrogen addition in combination with warming reduced the total emissions of other BVOCs from the rhizosphere area at the end of the experiment. Herbivory increased mycorrhizal colonisation rates and had a tendency to reduce total emissions of other BVOCs from the rhizosphere area four weeks after the weevil damage. Based on the above results, all of the factors studied have the potential to affect the fine root morphology and chemical defence in young Scots pine seedlings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".