<scp>ECT</scp> beyond unipolar major depression: systematic review and meta‐analysis of electroconvulsive therapy in bipolar depression
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the response, remission, and speed of response in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder in depressive episode (BDD) receiving an acute course of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) were quantitatively analyzed. METHODS: Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines, 1660 citations were identified through five electronic databases. Nineteen articles met final inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. RESULTS: The pooled response and remission rates with ECT in MDD were 74.2% (n = 1246/1680) and 52.3% (n = 850/1626), respectively. In BDD, they were 77.1% (n = 437/567) and 52.3% (n = 275/377), respectively. Although response rates to ECT were statistically higher in BDD (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.56-0.95, P = 0.02), remission rates were similar (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.65-1.26, P = 0.56). Individuals with BDD vs. MDD required fewer number of ECT sessions to achieve response (SMD = -0.23, 95% CI: -0.44 to -0.023, P = 0.03). There were no significant moderator effects identified. CONCLUSION: Response rates and speed of response are higher in individuals with BDD; however, remission rates are equivalent. These findings support increased utilization of ECT in individuals with treatment-refractory BDD.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.018 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it