Bibliographic record
Abstract
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory musculoskeletal disease that has 5 disease domains: peripheral arthritis, axial disease, dactylitis, enthesitis, and skin and nail disease1. Only 2–5% of patients with PsA have isolated axial disease; most patients with axial arthritis also have peripheral arthritis2,3,4. The prevalence of axial disease in patients with PsA varies with disease duration, occurring in 25–70% of patients with longstanding PsA3 and in 5–28% of patients with early disease5,6,7,8,9,10,11. These differences suggest that axial disease typically develops at a later stage in the disease course. In the Toronto PsA cohort, 15% of patients with PsA who did not have axial involvement at baseline developed axial PsA during 10 years of followup4. The risk factors for the development of axial disease early in the disease course were presence of HLA-B27, the presence of radiographic damage to peripheral joints, and an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), whereas the risk factors for developing axial involvement later on in the disease course were the presence of nail dystrophy, a high number of radiographically damaged joints, the presence of periostitis, and an increased ESR. Additionally, a family history of PsA reduced axial disease risk early in the disease course4. This study4 highlights the fact that different patients are likely to develop axial disease at different timepoints in their PsA disease course. This poses a significant limitation in studies with a cross-sectional design that identify patients at a single timepoint in their disease course compared to longitudinal studies that can record the changing course of the disease … Address correspondence to Dr. D.D. Gladman, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., 1E410B, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada. E-mail: dafna.gladman{at}utoronto.ca
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".