The Effects of Sauna Bathing on Health Markers in Middle Aged Males and Females
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sauna bathing improves heart rate variability (HRV), resting blood pressure (BP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and body composition in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and diabetes, and benefits depressed patients. Sauna bathing elicits similar physiological responses to exercise, including increases in core temperature, sweating, heart rate and skin blood flow. Exercise training decreases cardiovascular and metabolic disease morbidity and mortality rates. Despite these benefits, only 50.9% of Windsor-Essex County is moderately physically active. Further, reduced aerobic fitness, BP, FPG, body composition, etc. occur with age. As such, it is of interest to examine whether sauna bathing as a form of passive heating prevents the onset of cardiovascular and metabolic disease by improving health markers in middle aged adults. To examine this question, we recruited 5 healthy, sedentary to moderately active middle-aged participants to undergo sauna bathing 5 times per week for 2 weeks. The sauna intervention consisted of a 15 minute dry sauna exposure at approximately 60░C followed by 30 minutes of covered rest. Resting HR and BP, HRV, body composition, blood lipids (TC, HDL, LDL, TRG), FPG, hematocrit (HCT) and state trait anxiety (STAI) were measured at baseline, following two weeks of normal activity and following two weeks of daily sauna bathing. Tympanic temperature was measured during each sauna exposure and showed a significant increase following the 15 minute sauna bath (p<.001). Resting HR, BP, HRV, body composition, STAI, blood lipids, and FPG were unchanged following two weeks of sauna use (p>.05). HCT increased following two weeks of sauna use (p<.05). These results suggest that daily dry sauna bathing with a concomitant 1.9 ▒ 0.6 ░C tympanic temperature increase does not improve markers of cardiovascular, metabolic and psychological health among generally healthy middle-aged adults.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".