The Adoption of Renewable Energy Policies in a Rentier State: A Case Study of the United Arab Emirates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.) represents a unique form of rentier state in the Gulf region, with its vast resources of oil and natural gas and its political and economic systems characterized by the exploitation and export of natural resources. The U.A.E. is a global leader in carbon dioxide emissions and pollution, but has recently begun to diversify its energy resources by establishing various renewable energy initiatives. This new strategy has involved new domestic policies that make important adjustments to the conventional fossil-fuel economic model. The main question addressed in this study is the following: What are the drivers that make a rentier state such as the U.A.E. adopt new policies to encourage alternative energy sources, given that its oil reserves are secured for almost the next 50 years? The study argues that current dynamics in the U.A.E. cannot be explained by rentier state theory but can be described as a post-rentierism moment, a phenomenon that did not emerge from a vacuum and ...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".