The Role of Ocean Heat Transport in Rapid Sea Ice Declines in the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Many climate models, including the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble (CESM‐LE), predict future rapid sea ice declines in the Arctic linked with anomalies in northward Ocean Heat Transport (OHT). Using CESM‐LE, we find that the partitioning of the poleward OHT between the different Arctic gates (Barents Sea Opening, BSO; Bering Strait; and Fram Strait) is key to this link with the rapid declines. Sixty‐four of the 79 rapid declines in CESM‐LE are correlated with the OHT anomalies through one of the gates. Rapid declines that happen earlier in the simulations when the sea ice covers the continental shelves are correlated with OHT anomalies. The interaction between OHT and sea ice happens mainly over continental shelves since most rapid declines are correlated with the BSO or Bering Strait OHTs and only a few with the Fram Strait OHT (often also correlated with BSO or Bering Strait OHTs). In most rapid declines not correlated with OHT, the September Sea Ice Extent (SIE) prior to the decline is smaller than the area covered by the deep basins. Those are associated with surface heat flux since the ice‐atmosphere heat fluxes are more strongly correlated with the sea ice concentrations over the deep basins than the ice‐ocean heat fluxes. Our results suggest that OHTs are causing rapid sea ice declines when the SIE is large enough to cover the continental shelves and that the atmosphere is the main driver when the initial SIE is located only over the deep basins.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".