A modified grain size distributed model for kinetic study of non‐catalytic gas‐solid reactions in presence of solid structural changes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This study investigated the carbonation behaviour of a calcium‐based sorbent in the calcium‐looping CO 2 capture process as a non‐catalytic gas‐solid reaction using a modified grain size distributed (GSD) model. In GSD model, the calcium‐based particle consisted of numerous spherical grains with variable size distribution. The GSD model was modified by considering a variable diffusion coefficient of the gaseous reactant through the development of the product layer. The overall conversion over the reaction time was calculated by a mathematical modelling. The overall sorbent conversion obtained by using the modified GSD model showed better agreement with the experimental data with the average absolute deviation of 4.2 % than the results obtained using the grain model with the average absolute deviation 9.4 %. In the modified GSD model, the physical microstructure of the sorbent particle changes due to the molar volume expansion during the carbonation reaction. The model also predicted accurately the change of particle structural properties such as porosity, molar density, and specific surface area during the carbonation reaction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".