The Idea of Carnival in Kitsis and Horowitz’s Once Upon a Time : A Bakhtinian Reading
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dealing with Bakhtinian dialogic theories, such as heteroglossia and carnival, the American series Once Upon a Time has gathered the voices of several familiar fairytales in two parallel worlds, the Enchanted Forest and Stroybrooke each of which can be regarded as a Bakhtinian “Deck of a Ship”, to engender a new Bakhtinian dialogue among them. This paper is an attempt to approach Kitsis and Horowitz’s Once Upon a Time from a Bakhtinian perspective in order to discover the implications of carnivalesque in the directors’ use of the past tales. Once Upon a Time includes a complex and elaborated dialogue of languages of the fairy tales that do not exclude but communicate with each other in many different ways in order to represent rich examples illustrative of Bakhtinian carnival. The Enchanted Forest and the modern city of Storybrooke are populated by familiar fairy tale characters each representing their peculiar language, voice, ideological system, and beliefs. The past hierarchical orders are turned upside down and the official orders are pushed aside through laughter, so the reader realizes that these orders are only culturally constructed rather than naturally mandated. Kitsis and Horowitz gather all these folk tales and exercise their freedom as directors, a freedom demonstrating the relativity and flexibility of fairy tales’ linguistic systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".