357 Lipopolysaccharide induces a pro-inflammatory response in isolated ruminal epithelial cells.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Translocation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) across the ruminal epithelium may occur as a result of acidosis, potentially triggering a local immune response. The objective of this study was to investigate whether LPS would stimulate a pro-inflammatory response in cultured ruminal epithelial cells (REC). Primary REC were isolated from ruminal papillae from the caudal blind sac of the rumen from 4-mo old bull calves. Cells were grown in culture until confluence. Cells were exposed to 0, 10,000, 50,000 or 200,000 EU/mL LPS for either 6h (n=6) or 24h (n=8), after which cells were analyzed for viability (% dead) with propidium iodide by flow cytometry. Total RNA was extracted and expression was quantified for inflammation-related genes including: pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα; IL-1β; and CSF2), chemokines (CXCL2 and CXCL8), lipid mediators of inflammation (PTGS2 and LTA4H), a T-cell growth factor (IL-7) and an anti-inflammatory mediator (PPARγ). Gene expression was analyzed by real-time qPCR, normalized to the geometric mean of three stable housekeeping genes. Statistical analysis was performed using the MIXED procedure of SAS, with LPS concentration and time as fixed effects. Following exposure to LPS, the percent of dead cells did not differ. Exposure to LPS increased expression of IL-1β more than 170-fold (P < 0.01) and increased expression of TNFα, CXCL2, CXCL8, IL-7, and CSF2 more than 2-fold (P < 0.05), regardless of the concentration. An interaction was observed for IL-7 (P = 0.02); expression was greater for LPS-exposed cells at 6h compared with 24h. TNFα, PTGS2 and LTA4H had greater expression at 24h. (P < 0.05). There was no effect of LPS exposure on expression of PTGS2, LTA4H or PPARγ. The results of this experiment provide evidence that cultured REC are capable of inducing the production of pro-inflammatory molecules, suggesting a role in mediating an acute local response to LPS.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".