From disaster to development?: The role of the Second World War in shaping Canadian humanitarian aid
Bibliographic record
Abstract
War is antithetical to development. Development, for most mainstream observers, means economic growth, or at least stability, and an increasing quality of life for all, and it cannot exist in a state of war. Yet official development assistance (ODA), one of the primary mechanisms by which many governments and civil society organizations attempt to achieve development in impoverished economies, has a history rooted in war. This paper will explore how the Second World War and its aftermath influenced the creation of Canadian ODA and international development NGOs. While Canada's aid history is most commonly associated with the Canadian International Development Agency, examining this earlier period helps contextualize current debates about the securitization of aid and its harmonization with other aspects of Canadian foreign policy. Using the Unitarian Service Committee (USC) Canada as a case study, this paper will also track its transition from a postwar humanitarian relief agency to a mainstream international development NGO. For Canadian ODA and civil society organizations, the Second World War shaped the legacy of the postwar aid regime and created lasting consequences for its operation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".