Evaluation of Epstein-Barr virus-specific antibodies in Cypriot multiple sclerosis patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, demyelinating, inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with a strong autoimmune component. Several genetic and environmental factors have been suggested to contribute in MS. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is one pathogenic candidate proposed to be involved in the onset of MS and/or induction of subsequent exacerbations. The possible involvement of EBV in MS is highlighted by a number of national epidemiological studies showing a higher percentage of EBV seropositivity. This study aims to evaluate for the first time the seroprevalence of EBV in Cypriot MS patients. The serum of 133 MS patients and 101 healthy controls (HCs) was used to determine the positivity index of the EBV nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) IgG, viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgG, and early antigen-D (EA-D) IgG, using ELISA. All MS patients were seropositive for both EBNA-1 IgG and VCA IgG as compared to 94.1% (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.0059) and 93.1% (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.0025) of HCs respectively. Furthermore, the positivity indexes of both antibodies were significantly higher in MS patients. There was no significant difference in the presence/absence of EA-D IgG between the two groups nor in the corresponding P.I. levels. The results obtained, revealing higher seropositivity of EBNA-1 IgG and VCA IgG in MS patients, seem to concur with previous findings of studies in other countries, thereby further asserting the theory of EBV involvement in MS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".