Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract High-resolution spectroscopic observations of the K0 II–III star α UMa were taken at the Elginfield Observatory over 11 years. Radial velocities were measured for nine of these years. They do not cover enough of the 44.5 year orbital period to give definitive elements on their own, but combined with published visual orbits, the spectroscopic-orbit parameters are well constrained. The spectra show no evidence of the secondary star, which remains an unsolved puzzle. Line-depth ratios show that α UMa has temperature variations ∼3 K, possibly periodic, over the 2001–2010 interval. Fourier analysis of the line broadening gives the projected rotation velocity of 2.66 ± 0.15 km s−1 and a radial-tangential macroturbulence dispersion of 4.97 ± 0.08 km s−1. The third-granulation signature shows the granulation velocities of α UMa to be essentially solar, with a scale factor of 0.98 ± 0.10. The absolute radial velocity of the star, with granulation blueshifts removed is −10,035 ± 100 m s−1 at the mean time of the observations, 2005.2544. The line bisector of Fe i λ6253 is normal and shows the classic “C” shape with the blue-most point commensurate with its absolute magnitude. Mapping this bisector on to the third signature gives a flux deficit similar to those of other giants, with a fractional area of 0.131, suggesting a temperature difference between granules and lanes of 127 K. The velocity position of the deficit is slightly higher than that for previously analyzed giants, extending the correlation with absolute magnitude.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".