A hemodynamic network involving the insula, the cingulate, and the basal forebrain correlates with EEG synchronization phases of sleep instability
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) encompasses the pseudoperiodic appearance of synchronized brain waves and rhythms and is considered a regulator of the nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep vigilance level, reflecting sleep instability. To determine the brain regions responsible for this phenomenon, we scored and analyzed sleep functional magnetic resonance imaging data acquired with simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG-fMRI). Group analysis revealed a set of brain areas showing statistically significant blood oxygen-level dependent signal correlated positively with the synchronization phase of the CAP, most prominent being the insula, the middle cingulate gyrus, and the basal forebrain. These areas may form a network acting as a synchronization pacemaker, controlling the level of NREM sleep vigilance and the sleeper's arousability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".