Glycerophospholipids in sea cucumber ( <i>Stichopus japonicus</i>) and its processing by-products serve as bioactives and functional food ingredients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sea cucumber is a “healthy” food. Although previous studies have suggested that sea cucumber might serve as a potential rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) enriched phospholipid (PL), the molecular species of its PL has rarely been reported. In this study, some 200 glycerophospholipid (GP) species belonging to seven classes in processing by-products (spawns and intestines) of sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) were characterized for the first time. Most of the dominant GP species contained PUFAs, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4n-6). Meanwhile, the lipids contained high levels of PUFA (25.35–45.12% of total FAs) and polar lipid (65.55–85.95% of total lipids) but low levels of cholesterol (0.63–2.26% of total lipids). Among PL, phosphatidylcholine (38.34–65.56 mol%) was dominant. Therefore, PUFA enriched PL in sea cucumber may account for their nutritional and health beneficial effects. Meanwhile, by-products of Stichopus japonicus byproducts provide great potential as health-promoting food ingredients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".