Voltage Ripple Minimization in Modular Multilevel Converters using Modified Rotative PWM Scheme
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Carrier-based pulse width modulation (PWM) schemes are usually employed in MMC fed variable speed drive (VSD) applications due to ease of implementation. Though this is the case, the phase-disposition PWM (PD-PWM) technique is a better choice as it is able to generate high-quality waveforms with a greater possibility of optimal switching. This technique suffers as it may provide uneven energy distribution among the submodules (SMs) and also non-uniform switch utilization. The use of carrier rotative PWM techniques as applied to MMC`s will alleviate the problem of uneven energy distribution among the SMs, but the issue of non-uniform switch utilization still remains. A modified rotative PD-PWM (MRPD-PWM) technique is proposed in this paper, which retains the uniform energy distribution among the SMs while evenly distributing voltage distribution across SM capacitors. Moreover, this technique minimizes SM capacitor voltage ripple which can reduce the capacitance requirement in MMC-fed VSD applications. The performance of the proposed PWM scheme is compared with aforementioned PWM techniques for half-bridge submodule (HB-SM) based three-phase MMC in PLECS platform and verified experimentally under the same converter switching frequency.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".