65 Effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes on untreated or ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) - treated wheat straw on in vitro semi-continuous culture fermentation using the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC).
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of AFEX treated wheat straw and exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (Viscozyme®) on feed digestibility, rumen fermentation, and microbial protein synthesis using the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC). The experiment was a completely randomized block design with four treatments assigned to sixteen vessels (4/treatment) in two RUSITEC apparatus in a 2 × 2 factorial. Treatments were: 30% concentrate + 70% wheat straw; and 30% concentrate + 70% AFEX treated wheat straw with or without enzyme. The study consisted of 8-d adaptation and 7-d for sample collection. Data were analyzed by the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS with fixed effects of AFEX, enzyme and their interaction. No interaction between AFEX-sraw and enzyme occurred. AFEX-straw versus untreated straw had greater (P < 0.01) digestibility of DM (69.6 vs. 38.3%) NDF (61.6 vs. 36.8%), ADF (61.4 vs. 36.0%) and CP (68.3 vs. 24.0%). Dry matter, OM and NDF digestibility of AFEX-straw was greater (P < 0.05) with enzyme addition, with no effect of enzyme on untreated straw. Total microbial N production was greater (P < 0.01) for AFEX-straw (72.9 mg/day) than for untreated straw (63.1 mg/day). Production of total gas and CH4 was greater (P < 0.01) with AFEX-straw than untreated straw. AFEX-straw increased (P < 0.01) NH3-N and total VFA production and proportion of propionate but decreased (P < 0.01) that of acetate. As a result, the ratio of acetate to propionate was reduced (P < 0.01) with AFEX versus untreated straw. Enzyme addition did not affect VFA production or VFA profiles. The number of protozoa was lower (P < 0.01) with AFEX straw than untreated straw. The results indicate that AFEX increased ruminal digestibility of wheat straw and microbial protein synthesis and improved rumen fermentation, with more propionate production a response that was heightened by enzymes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".