Prevalence of a nematode castrator of the carrot weevil and impact on fecundity and survival
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bradynema listronoti is a parasitic nematode described from infected specimens of the carrot weevil Listronotus oregonensis. Prevalence of infection by B. listronoti under field conditions was followed over a period of 16 years in an untreated carrot field. Susceptibility of different carrot weevil life stages was evaluated as well as the impact of infection on fecundity and mortality. Gene expression in infected and uninfected carrot weevils was also compared to evaluate the impact of the parasite on the host transcriptome. Prevalence of B. listronoti in carrot weevil populations was sustained over the years ranging from 20 to 63%. All the weevil stages exposed to B. listronoti inoculum were susceptible to infection, larvae being more vulnerable (59 ± 8% infected) compared with pupae (4 ± 3% infected) and adults (7 ± 3% infected). The fecundity of infected female weevils was greatly reduced (60-fold) due to an inhibition of the maturation of the reproductive system. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that this parasitic castration may have been triggered by the inhibition of reproductive hormone production. The B. listronoti-L. oregonensis interaction represents a case of parasitic castration with a unique potential for biological control of an important pest of carrots.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".