Sonographic synovitis in primary knee osteoarthritis patients and its relation to biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To determine the relation between knee synovitis detected by ultrasound (US) and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in primary knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients. The study included 40 patients with primary KOA and 40 age and sex matched control. Patients were evaluated using Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score. Laboratory investigations included high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), matrix metalloproteinase-mediated breakdown of CRP (CRPM), nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA). High resolution US examination of knee joints (grey-scale and power Doppler) was done for assessment of synovitis. The patients were 37 females and 3 males, the mean age was 45.5 ± 9.25 years, 50% were housewives. Tenderness was grade 1 in 45%, 2 in 40% and 3 in 15%; 82.5% has swelling and 87.5% had crepitus; the WOMAC score was 57 (5–112); pain-index 10 ± 4.2; stiffness index 6.0 ± 2.01 and physical function 41 ± 13.55. Sonographically, 29(72.5%) had grey-scale synovitis (effusion and synovial hypertrophy) and 5(12.5%) patients had a positive Doppler signal. The serum levels of the hsCRP, CRPM, NO, H2O2 and MDA were signficantly increased in the patients compared to the control (p < 0.001 for all). There was no significant difference of the studied laboratory parameters according to the presence and absence of the sonographic findings. Although the serum levels of both inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers were significantly higher in OA patients compared to the control, there was no correlation with the sonographic findings of synovitis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".