Effects of Seed‐Placed Hog Manure‐Recovered Struvite on Canola Seedling Emergence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Core Ideas Struvite and coated monoammonium phosphate did not cause significant seedling toxicity regardless of rate. Monoammonium phosphate reduced canola seedling emergence in the clay loam at high P rate (15 mg kg −1 ). Final emergence count decreased in the order: struvite (88%) > CMAP (86%) > MAP (69%). Struvite can be applied at higher rates than monoammonium phosphate with minimal risk of seedling damage. Seedling toxicity is a major limitation to P fertilizer rates that can be seed‐placed with sensitive crops such as canola (Brassica napus L.). In this growth room bioassay, we tested whether struvite recovered from liquid hog ( Sus domesticus L.) manure could improve seedling emergence in canola relative to monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and polymer‐coated monoammonium phosphate (CMAP). Twenty canola seeds per pot were planted in two low‐P soils (a Gleyed Regosolic sand [Entisol] and an Orthic Black Chernozemic clay loam [Udic Boroll]). The P sources were applied in the seedrow at rates of 7.5 or 15 mg P kg −1 soil (∼25 or 50 kg P 2 O 5 ha −1) , either at 5.4 or 10.9% seedbed utilization (SBU). Final emergence (percent of seeds planted), emergence rate, and lag were predicted using the Gompertz function. The higher rate of MAP reduced overall seedling emergence by 47% in the clay loam and 34% in the sand while the slow‐release P sources, struvite and CMAP, showed no significant evidence of seedling toxicity in either soil. Emergence was 0.6 d faster with struvite than with MAP, regardless of soil or P rate. Averaged across soils, SBUs, and P rates, final emergence decreased in the order: struvite (87%) > CMAP (86%) > MAP (69%), indicating the superiority of struvite and CMAP with respect to seedling toxicity. These results indicate that struvite can be seed‐placed at higher rates than those recommended for MAP on canola, with a much lower risk of seedling damage, thereby minimizing yield losses and replanting costs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".