Moderating effects of family environment on overweight/obese adolescents’ dietary behaviours
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The familial environment can influence adolescents' risk for obesity. However, we do not fully understand the mechanisms through which parents can influence overweight/obese adolescents' dietary behaviours, specifically whether parenting practices (e.g., rules or routines) and/or their own dietary behaviours are associated with their overweight/obese adolescent's dietary quality. OBJECTIVES: This study examined whether parenting practices and/or parental modeling of dietary quality are associated with overweight/obese adolescents' dietary quality while considering the moderating effects of parenting styles and family functioning. METHODS: Baseline data from 172 overweight/obese adolescents and one of their parents who enrolled in a lifestyle modification intervention were analyzed [mean age = 13.1 (1.8); mean BMI z-score = 2.70 (0.83)]. Parent-adolescent dyads completed three 24-hr dietary recalls online. An index of dietary quality was computed by summing the scores for different food categories assessed in the dietary recall over 3 days. Parents completed questionnaires about their family functioning, dietary parenting practices (i.e., whether child eats breakfast everyday), and styles (authoritative and permissive). Path analysis was used to model interrelationships among the variables using the Stata software version 13. RESULTS: Parental modeling of dietary quality was significantly associated with adolescent dietary quality. Additionally, parenting styles significantly moderated parental modeling, such that an authoritative parenting style in conjunction with modeling healthy eating habits was associated with better adolescent dietary quality. CONCLUSIONS: This work suggests that parental modeling of health behaviours is important; however, it is necessary to consider the broader emotional/relational context into which modeling is expressed since parenting styles moderated these effects. This study provides insight into how parenting styles may alter the effectiveness of parental modeling and highlights the need to account for parenting styles to improve the efficacy of current family-based interventions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".