Transport of Escherichia coli, chloride, and nitrate through disturbed and undisturbed soil columns
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Current livestock production techniques often require the surface application of large quantities of manure.In 1996 Saskatchewan had 2.8 million cattle and 0.9 million hogs, conservative estimates suggest that this number of cattle and hogs produce approximately 60 000 Mg of manure day -1 .This number is expected to be even higher today, and would certainly be much higher if other livestock such as poultry were included.The most common disposal method for this manure is application on or in the soil.The growing environmental awareness of our society, coupled with the increased number of large-scale livestock production facilities, has greatly increased concerns regarding ground water quality.These concerns are caused by the potential for nitrate and pathogenic microorganisms such as Escherichia coli (E.coli) to be leached from the soil surface into ground water.The objective of this research was to characterize the transport of E.coli and nitrate through soil.Experiments involved leaching E.coli, nitrate, chloride and potassium through disturbed soil columns under saturated and unsaturated conditions.Transport through undisturbed columns was also studied in saturated conditions.Effluent from these columns was analyzed, both chemically and microbiologically.Results of this analysis showed that E.coli can be preferentially transported through both disturbed and undisturbed soil columns.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".