Utility of salps as a baseline proxy for food web studies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In recent years, pelagic tunicates (mostly salps, but potentially doliolids, appendicularians and pyrosomes as well) have been used in isotopic studies as a baseline consumer (trophic position 2) when recreating food web dynamics to overcome the challenges of using particulate organic matter (POM). While pelagic tunicates are continuous filter feeders, recent evidence has shown that they have selective feeding behaviors, and preferentially assimilate certain particles. In this review, we combine available stable isotope data for POM and pelagic tunicates and identify that trophic enrichment in 13C and 15N relative to POM is highly variable, and suggests tunicates prefer to consume smaller, heterotrophic organisms. Here we propose that it is not appropriate to consider pelagic tunicates as representative first level consumers in the classical pelagic food web in stable isotope analyses. Rather it needs acknowledgment that they are members of the microbial food web, and thus reflect an alternate food chain.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".