Targeted leucine supplementation and dietary protein distribution strategies: applications for recovery from exercise in trained men, and supporting adaptations to exercise training in older adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The regulation of skeletal muscle mass and function by nutrition and exercise is of fundamental interest in both athletic performance and healthy aging paradigms. The amino acid leucine has received much interest in recent years due its potential anabolic properties in athletes, and has been described as a pharmaconutrient for the preservation of skeletal muscle health in older adults. While it is well accepted that elevating plasma leucinemia is a potent stimulator of muscle protein synthesis (MPS), less is understood about how supplementation and dietary strategies can be manipulated to create a plasma aminoacidemia most optimal for MPS. Furthermore, the role of leucine-rich interventions on recovery from exercise induced muscle damage in young athletes, and longer term changes in muscle mass and function when administered over time in older adults, is inconclusive to date, and warrants further investigation. Consequently, the aim of this thesis is to contribute to our current understanding of these areas.\nChapter 4 describes the habitual protein intake, distribution and dietary patterns in young and older adults in Ireland. Chapters 5 and 6 describe the plasma leucine kinetics after ingestion of microencapsulated leucine and free leucine, alone and in combination with a low leucine-containing meal in young, healthy males. Chapter 7 demonstrates that leucine supplementation in the 14 hour recovery period after intense resistance exercise exhibits no beneficial effect on markers of muscle damage and recovery of muscle function. Chapter 8 describes a dietary intervention targeting three leucine-rich meals per day can increase protein intake and improve protein distribution in older adults. Finally, chapter 9 establishes that the same dietary intervention in combination with concurrent aerobic and resistance exercise training is an effective strategy to augment increases in lean body mass and lower limb strength in older adults over 12 weeks compared to training alone.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".