Intestinal electrogenic sodium-dependent glucose absorption in tilapia and trout reveal species differences in<i>SLC5A</i>-associated kinetic segmental segregation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electrogenic sodium-dependent glucose transport along the length of the intestine was compared between the omnivorous Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) and the carnivorous rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Ussing chambers. In tilapia, a high-affinity, high-capacity kinetic system accounted for the transport throughout the proximal intestine, midintestine, and hindgut segments. Similar dapagliflozin and phloridzin dihydrate inhibition across all segments support this homogenous high-affinity, high-capacity system throughout the tilapia intestine. Genomic and gene expression analysis supported findings by identifying 10 of the known 12 SLC5A family members, with homogeneous expression throughout the segments with dominant expression of sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1; SLC5A1) and sodium-myoinositol cotransporter 2 (SMIT2; SLC5A11). In contrast, trout's electrogenic sodium-dependent glucose absorption was 20-35 times lower and segregated into three significantly different kinetic systems found in different anatomical segments: a high-affinity, low-capacity system in the pyloric ceca; a super-high-affinity, low-capacity system in the midgut; and a low-affinity, low-capacity system in the hindgut. Genomic and gene expression analysis found 5 of the known 12 SLC5A family members with dominant expression of SGLT1 ( SLC5A1), sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2; SLC5A2), and SMIT2 ( SLC5A11) in the pyloric ceca, and only SGLT1 ( SLC5A1) in the midgut, accounting for differences in kinetics between the two. The hindgut presented a low-affinity, low-capacity system partially attributed to a decrease in SGLT1 ( SLC5A1). Overall, the omnivorous tilapia had a higher electrogenic glucose absorption than the carnivorous trout, represented with different kinetic systems and a greater expression and number of SLC5A orthologs. Fish differ from mammals, having hindgut electrogenic glucose absorption and segment specific transport kinetics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".