Greenhouse gas formation in ice wedges at Cyuie, central Yakutia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Greenhouse gases (GHGs) trapped in ice wedges may provide useful information on biogeochemical environments in ground ice. Previous studies have reported highly elevated CO 2 and CH 4 mixing ratios in ice wedges. However, N 2 O mixing ratios in ice wedges remain unknown. Here, we present CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O mixing ratios in bubbles and plausible mechanisms of GHG formation for two lakeside ice wedges at Cyuie village near Yakutsk. The CO 2 gas age corresponds to the Last Glacial Maximum (18–19 ka). The δ(N 2 /Ar) values and bubble shapes indicate that the ice wedges formed by dry snow compaction rather than snowmelt water refreezing, while the δ 18 O and δD values of the ice indicate changes in the source area location and/or the climate during the Last Glacial Maximum. Using a dry extraction method, we obtained gas mixing ratios of 7–13% CO 2 , 5–130 ppm CH 4 and 100–5000 ppb N 2 O. The δ(O 2 /Ar) values imply that most of the O 2 was consumed by biological respiration. The CH 4 is negatively correlated with N 2 O and CO 2 . The N 2 O might have inhibited CH 4 production.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".