Urinary metabolites of organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides and behavioral problems in children from the general Canadian population
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Exposure to organophosphate insecticides has been associated with neurobehavioral deficits in children, although data on low levels of exposure experienced by the general population is sparse. Pyrethroids are another class of insecticides rapidly gaining popularity, and epidemiological evidence on their potential effects are lacking. Aims: Our goal was to examine the association of organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides exposure with behavioral problems in Canadian children aged 6 to 11 years. Methods: We used data on 1081 children ages 6 to 11 years from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007-2009). We performed logistic regression to examine odds of behavioral problems, indicated by high scores on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, in relation with pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides metabolites in urine, adjusting for covariates, and accounting for the sampling design. Results: Urinary concentrations of organophosphate metabolites were not significantly associated with behavioral problems. Higher concentration of the pyrethroid metabolite cis-DCCA was associated with behavioral problems (p=0.03), and there was a trend for trans-DCCA (p=0.12). For a 10-fold increase in cis-DCCA and trans-DCCA concentrations, the odds ratios (ORs) were 2.0 (CI95%, 1.1 to 3.6) and 1.6 (CI95%, 0.9 to 3.0), respectively. Another metabolite common to many pyrethroids, 3-PBA, was associated with conduct disorders among girls (OR, 2.2 [CI95% 1.0, 4.9]) but not boys (OR, 0.6 [CI95%, 0.3, 1.4]), although this association did not remain significant after accounting for the complex design (p=0.10). Conclusion: We did not observe the previously reported association between organophosphate insecticides and behavioral problems in children. However, our findings suggest that pyrethroids were associated with these problems. This is the first study to suggest this, and further research is needed on potential risks of exposure to pyrethroid insecticides for children’s development.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".