One hour enzymatic synthesis of structure lipids enriched unsaturated fatty acids from silkworm pupae oil under microwave irradiation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND The silkworm pupae of Bombyx mori L. are considered to be a valuable unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) resource. Enzymatic transesterification, which can produce structured lipids (SLs), is regarded as a desirable approach to utilize this resource, but requires long reaction time. A method to reduce the reaction time and obtain novel SLs is thus desirable. Hence, microwave irradiation was employed to reduce the reaction time and obtain novel SLs. In addition, high‐performance liquid chromatography with an evaporative light scattering detector was employed to investigate the contribution of the fatty acids (FAs) after microwave irradiation. RESULTS One hour was required for a 1:5 substrate ratio of silkworm pupae oil (SPO):oleic acid (OA) using a solvent‐free system catalysed by Lipozyme RM IM (7%) at 60 °C with microwave irradiation at 50 W to obtain the novel SLs. The relative content of polyunsaturated FAs glyceride increased from 51.1% to 81.0%, and the relative content of glycerol trioleate (OOO) in SPO obtained in the microwave reactor was twice as high as that in the shaker reactor. In addition, the relative content of OA was increased from 3.9% to 35.8% in total compared with the products from the shaker reactor. Furthermore, the changes of α‐helix relative content of Lipozyme RM IM were observed after the reaction under the microwave irradiation. CONCLUSION The results indicated that variations in the FA distribution of enzymatic transesterification reactions caused by microwave irradiation could aid the addition of OA and enrichment of UFAs. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".