Bibliographic record
Abstract
Several types of intrusion-hosted ore-deposits are formed within geometrically complex bodies, and the so-called "space problem" associated with the emplacement of these bodies within the crust is generally poorly understood. Felsic to intermediate porphyry-Cu systems are often hosted within vertical pipes or stocks that are circular to elongate in plan view. Ni-Cu magmatic sulfide deposits are hosted within structurally complex feeder systems. These often have irregular to tube-shaped geometries unlike typical dykes, sills or laccoliths, which has led to the resuscitation, by exploration and economic geologists alike, of the once-obsolete term "chonolith" to characterise such irregular intrusions. Both porphyry-Cu and magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide systems share other first-order similarities, such as late-stage volatile-rich magmas and emplacement within environments of active deformation, indicating that despite their differences emplacement dynamics may be analogous. In many cases irregular intrusion geometries can be explained internal and external structural processes. At Voisey's Bay (Labrador, Canada) for instance, magmatic Ni-Cu sulfides are located within dikes and at the base of a geometrically complex magma chamber. The chamber could, a priori, be termed a chonolith; however, detailed 3D structural analysis of the chamber indicates that it consists of an amalgamation of sill-like magma bodies affected by intermittent local activity of faults. Dike-hosted mineralization is located within thickened portions of feeder dikes, which locally resemble some mafic chonoliths in cross-section. The geometry of these dikes is strongly controlled by the interaction of pre-emplacement wall rock structure with intruding magmas, and dike widening by thermo-mechanical erosion of the surrounding wall rocks. Chonoliths are ideal sites of Ni-Cu-PGE mineralization because they promote high magma fluxes and protracted magma flow-through, thereby favouring the interaction between metal-bearing mafic magmas and sulfide liquids that are progressively enriched in metals. Such processes occur at the relatively local scales of 1-10 km magmatic complexes, and successful exploration must consider small-scale targeting within larger, regional scale igneous provinces. As an example, several magmatic complexes of the High Arctic Large Igneous Province (Nunavut) show first-order architecture that would favour Ni-Cu-PGE potential.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".