Entropic Barriers Determine Adiabatic Electron Transfer Equilibrium
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A thermodynamic analysis of the forward and reverse rate constants for adiabatic and nonadiabatic electron transfer equilibria over an 80 K temperature range is reported. The kinetic data were acquired by a spectroscopic approach that utilized excited state injection into TiO2 by sensitizers with two redox active groups linked through aromatic bridges that allow for intramolecular adiabatic (bridge = phenyl) or nonadiabatic (bridge = xylyl) electron transfer. Two impactful results were garnered from this analysis: (1) entropic barriers controlled the adiabatic electron transfer kinetics, and (2) the free energy barriers were unaffected by the degree of electronic coupling within experimental uncertainty. The second result stands in contrast to the common expectation that enhanced electronic coupling lowers the free energy barrier. This analysis provides new insights into how electronic coupling influences the free energy and barriers for electron transfer reactions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".