Bioarchaeology in Greece: Breathing Life into the Early Helladic and Archaic Skeletal Assemblages from Klenia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rescue excavations between 2014 and 2015 in Klenia, Corinthia, Greece uncovered an assemblage of human skeletal remains from one Archaic (750-479 BCE) and four Early Helladic (2650-2200 BCE) tombs. Until recently, bioarchaeology and the comprehensive analysis of human skeletal remains in Greece has been uncommon. However, theoretical and technological developments in bioarchaeology have highlighted the importance of studying these remains, as they provide insights into the biocultural lifeways of individuals of the past. The present research provides basic osteobiographical data for the human skeletal remains recovered from the Klenia tombs and explores their geographical and temporal context in order to provide situated interpretations and insights into the lives of these individuals. The results of this work reveal information pertaining to the life and possible weaving and cooking activities of an older adult female from the Archaic period, and to the lives of those interred in the Early Helladic graves, which likely represent a familial or social kinship. The Early Helladic skeletal remains within their context suggest an agricultural lifestyle. Further, the discovery of infant skeletal remains within these tombs highlights improvements in bioarchaeological recovery methods, and suggests the inclusion of infants in commingled tombs within extramural cemeteries. This alters previous understandings of intramural infant burial during the Early Helladic period in Greece.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".