Limitations On Canada Goose Production at Fish springs National Wildlife Refuge, Utah
Bibliographic record
Abstract
we studied the western canada goose b c moffitti population at fish springs national wildlife refuge in western utah from march to july in 1996 and 1997 to determine the causes of low gosling production our initial interest was in whether water salinity was involved we researched the effects of saline drinking water by conducting an experiment on captive wild strain goslings that were collected as eggs from cutler marsh in cache county utah and by observing free ranging broods in the brood rearing impoundments mortality occurred in captive goslings at 18 us cm effects on growth were evident at 12 us cm we identified 12 hydrologically distinct areas within the 9 impoundments at the refuge from 15 april to 15 july conductivity measurements ranged from 3 1 to 25 4 us cm within these areas our results suggest that at the levels that goslings experienced during the critical hatchling period during 1996 1997 salinity was not a serious problem during exceptionally dry years if salinity levels rise during early spring then its effects might be more directly related to gosling mortality at the levels we measured during this study mortality in free ranging goslings was independent of specific conductivity rather annual goose production appeared to be limited by predation and human disturbance this conclusion is supported by 2 lines of evidence a low ground nest success and b low gosling survival ground nests had lower nest success 56 9 of 16 nests in both years than artificial nesting platforms 90 9 of 10 nests gosling survival to fledging was 25 and 52 in 1996 and 1997 respectively well below survivorships levels reported in the literature our observations suggest that coyotes are abundant on the refuge and we observed them hunting for geese human disturbance appears to predispose goslings to mortality because goslings often became separated from their parents after disturbance low productivity also is related to the low number of breeding pairs on the refuge during the summers 1996 and 1997 number of nesting pairs of geese averaged 26 and 39 respectively
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".