Adolescent Mental Health: Canadian Psychiatric Risk and Outcome Study (PROCAN)- Exercise Intervention Pilot Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The Canadian Psychiatric Risk and Outcome Study (PROCAN), a longitudinal study of youth at risk of serious mental illness (SMI), aims to better understand the trajectory of SMI. This study was conducted as a pilot exercise intervention on a subsample of the PROCAN cohort. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was to examine the feasibility of an exercise intervention in youth at risk of SMI. The secondary objectives were to determine whether symptoms of mental illness and memory would improve, and hippocampal volume would increase, following participation in a moderate to high intensity aerobic exercise program. METHODS: Forty-four male and female youth at risk of SMI were recruited through the PROCAN project. Participants completed clinical, cognitive, neuroimaging and fitness assessments prior to and following a sixteen-week moderate to high intensity aerobic exercise intervention. Sixty-minute exercise sessions were held three times per week. Forty-one participants completed the entire intervention and assessments, including twenty-six that completed the neuroimaging portion. Twenty-eight age and gender matched healthy controls were recruited as a baseline comparison for neuroimaging. RESULTS: Exclusion, consented, and retention rates were; 22.7, 57.6 and 93.2% respectively. Significant (p < .05) improvements in aerobic fitness (p < .0001) were achieved over the course of the intervention. Likewise, reductions in anxiety (p = .024), depression (p = .012), and general prodromal symptoms (p < .0001) occurred, however distress did not diminish (p= .131). Right whole (p < .001) and right anterior (p = .001) hippocampal volumes significantly increased. Forward Span (p = .552), Backward Span (p = 1.000) and Letter Number Span (p = .606) did not significantly change. CONCLUSION: Aerobic exercise is a feasible and sound intervention strategy for reducing symptoms and improving overall physical health, including brain health, in youth at risk for SMI. Further research is required to replicate these findings and to expand knowledge of the mechanisms, optimum dose and factors that influence the efficacy of exercise.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".