Combined microfiltration and adsorption process applied to public water supply treatment: water quality influence on pesticides removal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Granular activated carbon (GAC) fixed bed adsorption technology was applied to remove carbamates carbaryl, methomyl and carbofuran from public water supply. In order to minimize the effect of clogging and to evaluate adsorbent saturation for carbamates, the microfiltration (MF) was previously used to adsorb and the backwash procedure of the GAC bed was carried out. The determination and quantification of the carbamates were performed by analytical technique in high performance liquid chromatography with post-column derivatization and fluorescence detector. The MF of the water previously adsorbed in the GAC fixed bed allowed the greater removal of 100% of the carbamates pesticides with an initial concentration of 25 μg L−1 during the first 48 h of operation. The saturation of the GAC fixed bed occurred in 240 h, due to the partial removal of the natural organic matter by the MF, consequently the competition for adsorptive sites of the GAC was smaller. The backwashing procedure contributed to the partial recovery of the performance of the hydraulic filtration and allowed to identify the saturation of the adsorption column, since the sealing phenomenon preceded the saturation. Finally, the use of public water supply was considered a relevant and positive aspect, since it allowed the identification of the performance of this technology in the removal of carbamates pesticides considering the presence of substances inherent to the public water supply.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.009 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".